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Thai-Burmese plan to dam two rivers
Activists raise alarm over environment, impact on minorities
Bangkok Post - Wednesday 25 February 2004
Ranjana Wangvipula
Thailand and Burma have agreed to make a joint study into the feasibility
of a project to dam up two rivers they share for irrigation, Natural
Resources and Environment Minister Praphat Panyachartrak said yesterday.
The planned dams would create reservoirs on Burmese soil where the Kok
and Sai rivers originate and enter Thailand in the northern provinces
of
Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai respectively.
Mr Praphat said the project would benefit thousands of square kilometres
of farmland in both countries.
``There will be two core irrigation canals from the dams _ one going
to Burma and the other to Thailand,'' he said.
The agreement is set out contained in a memorandum of understanding
on
international water management, signed yesterday by Mr Praphat and Maj-Gen
Nyunt Tin, the Burmese agriculture minister.
Mr Praphat played down concerns the project could pose environmental
threats and reduce water levels downstream. He said the proposed dams
ould be sited in degraded forests and their design would ensure little
impact on river water levels.
A joint team would conduct a one-year feasibility study, which may include
a plan to build hydro-electric dams, Mr Praphat said.
Other details would be discussed later.
Mr Praphat's assurances failed to convince environmental groups, which
said the project would destroy forest areas and affect the Shan minority
group living near the Kok river in Burma.
``Leaf-shedding trees may give the forests on the Burmese side the look
of degradation, but they are in fact lush forests,'' said Chainarong
Sretthachau, director of the Southeast Asia Rivers Network Thailand,
responding to Mr Praphat's statement the dams would be built in degraded
forests.
Environmental activist Nikom Putta, of the Chiang Mai-based Ping watershed
management project, warned that soil erosion would reduce the dams'
water-retention capacity and their lifespan. Northern forest areas faced
a problem of rapid soil erosion, causing sediment to accumulate in dams
at a higher rate than at other dams.
``When forest areas are destroyed, the land's natural ability to hold
water will also lessen,'' he said. Forests were known for helping keep
80% of rainwater underground before gradually releasing it outside
the rainy season.
Politically, Mr Chainarong said, construction of the dams would have
adverse impact on minority groups in Burma, and that would lead to international
criticism of the two countries for human rights abuses.
He suspected the plan was one of power plant projects being supported
by the Japanese Electric Power Development Company, which had pushed
for
construction of dams on rivers near the Thail and Burmese borders including
the Kok, Kra, Moei, Sai and Salween.
``Mr Praphat must carefully consider the agreement because human rights
and
environmental groups worldwide will keep a close eye on this issue,''
Mr Chainarong said.
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